Prior knowledge
Students’ prior knowledge can help or hinder learning.
Organisation
How students organize knowledge influences how they learn and apply what they know.
Motivation
Students’ motivation determines, directs, and sustains what they do to learn.
Mastery
To develop mastery, students must acquire component skills, practice integrating them, and know when to apply what they have learned.
Goal - directed
Goal - directed practice coupled with targeted feedback enhances the quality of students’ learning.
Social & emotional
Students’ current level of development interacts with the social, emotional, and intellectual climate of the course to impact learning.
Self - direction
To become self-directed learners, students must learn to monitor and adjust their approaches to learning.
